Fortnight 06: 08 March to 21 March 2014
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Measles
There have been 16 cases of measles reported this reporting period from NSW (11), Qld (2), and one each from NT, Vic and WA. The median age is 21, the age range is 0-64.
Of the 166 cases notified YTD:
- Around 70% of cases were either imported from overseas or were import-related, with the majority related to the Philippines;
- Some of the import-related cases (n=10) have been linked to a multijurisdictional outbreak associated with an imported case from the Philippines who attended a dance competition in Sydney in early December 2013; and
- Of the remaining 30% of cases, a link to an imported case has either not been established or is still under investigation.
Varicella zoster infection (chickenpox, shingles and unspecified)
Since 2009, notifications of Varicella zoster virus (VSV) infection (chickenpox, shingles and unspecified) have steadily increased across jurisdictions where varicella zoster is notifiable. This increase is most likely due to increased awareness of the requirement to notify, and laboratory testing rates, by health care practitioners.
The ability to categorise a VSV infection as either chickenpox or shingles requires clinical evidence as a minimum. Due to the absence of clinical information for the majority of cases, nationally the majority of VSV infections are therefore reported as unspecified infections.
An analysis of South Australian VSV infections, where the majority of cases are followed up to establish the clinical evidence, highlights that since 2009 notifications of chickenpox have remained relatively stable, whereas notifications of shingles have increased over this period.
Arbovirus infection (NEC)
Between 8 and 21 March 2014, there were two notifications of arbovirus NEC, compared with two during the previous period, and one during the same period of last year. During the past 90 days, there were eight notifications, a ratio of 2.5 compared with the quarterly rolling mean of 3.2 notifications.
One of these two notifications was a Zika virus infection acquired in the Cook Islands, where an outbreak is occurring, with 197 cases (35 of them laboratory confirmed) as of 16 March 2014. No information on the place of acquisition or the specific flavivirus involved was available for the other notification.
Interpretative Notes
Selected diseases are chosen each fortnight based on either exceeding two standard deviations from the 90 day and/or 365 day five year rolling mean or other disease issues of significance identified during the reporting period. All diseases reported are analysed by notification receive date. Data are extracted each Monday of a CDNA week.
Totals comprise data from all States and Territories. Cumulative figures are subject to retrospective revision so there may be discrepancies between the number of new notifications and the increment in the cumulative figure from the previous period.
- The past quarter (90 day) surveillance period includes the date range 22 December 2013 to 21 March 2014.
- The quarterly (90 day) five year rolling mean is the average of 5 intervals of 90 days up to 21 March 2014. The ratio is the notification activity in the past quarter (90 days) compared with the five year rolling mean for the same period.
- The past year (365 day) surveillance period includes the date range 22 March 2013 to 21 March 2014.
- The yearly (365 day) five year rolling mean is the average of 5 intervals of 365 days up to 21 March 2014. The ratio is the notification activity in the past year (365 days) compared with the five year rolling mean for the same period.
The five year rolling mean and the ratio of notifications compared with the five year rolling mean should be interpreted with caution. Changes in surveillance practice, diagnostic techniques and reporting may contribute to increases or decreases in the total notifications received over a five year period. Ratios are to be taken as a crude measure of current disease activity and may reflect changes in reporting rather than changes in disease activity.
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Table of communicable disease notifications reported to the NNDSS for this fortnight
Please use the scroll bar located at the end of the table below to view all columns.
A copy of the table of communicable disease notifications for this fortnight is also included in the PDF printable version of the NNDSS report.
Notifications of Nationally Notifiable Diseases for the period 08/03/2014 to 21/03/2014
Footnotes:
Ratio of the 90 day prior surveillance period to the past 90 day 5 year rolling mean, or ratio of the 365 day prior surveillance period to the 365 day 5 year rolling mean.
NN = Not Notifiable, NDP = No Data Provided, NEC = Not Elsewhere Classified
Dates used are:
- Past Quarter (90d prior surveillance period): 22/12/2013 to 21/03/2014
- Quarterly rolling 5Yr Mean (90d 5Yr Mean):
- Quarterly rolling 5Yr Mean (90d 5Yr Mean) 1: 22/12/2012 to 21/03/2013
- Quarterly rolling 5Yr Mean (90d 5Yr Mean) 2: 23/12/2011 to 21/03/2012
- Quarterly rolling 5Yr Mean (90d 5Yr Mean) 3: 22/12/2010 to 21/03/2011
- Quarterly rolling 5Yr Mean (90d 5Yr Mean) 4: 22/12/2009 to 21/03/2010
- Quarterly rolling 5Yr Mean (90d 5Yr Mean) 5: 22/12/2008 to 21/03/2009
- Past year (365d prior surveillance period): 22/03/2013 to 21/03/2014
- Yearly rolling 5Yr Mean (365d 5Yr Mean):
- Yearly rolling 5Yr Mean (365d 5Yr Mean) 1: 22/03/2012 to 21/03/2013
- Yearly rolling 5Yr Mean (365d 5Yr Mean) 2: 23/03/2011 to 21/03/2012
- Yearly rolling 5Yr Mean (365d 5Yr Mean) 3: 22/03/2010 to 21/03/2011
- Yearly rolling 5Yr Mean (365d 5Yr Mean) 4: 22/03/2009 to 21/03/2010
- Yearly rolling 5Yr Mean (365d 5Yr Mean) 5: 22/03/2008 to 21/03/2009
|
|
State or Territory |
Totals for Australia |
Historical 90 Day Period |
Historical 365 Day Period |
Disease |
ACT |
NSW |
NT |
QLD |
SA |
TAS |
VIC |
WA |
This Reporting Period |
Previous Reporting Period |
Same Reporting Period Last Year |
2014 YTD |
Past Quarter |
Quarterly Rolling 5 year mean |
Ratio Past Quarter /5 year mean |
Exceeds Quarterly rolling mean +2 SD by |
Past Year |
Yearly rolling 5 year mean |
Ratio Past year /5 year mean |
Exceeds Yearly rolling mean +2 SD by; |
Bloodborne diseases |
Hepatitis (NEC) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
- |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
- |
Hepatitis B (newly acquired) |
0 |
1 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
9 |
7 |
41 |
42 |
54.2 |
0.8 |
- |
169 |
225.0 |
0.8 |
- |
Hepatitis B (unspecified) |
0 |
107 |
3 |
47 |
15 |
2 |
56 |
26 |
256 |
296 |
256 |
1,443 |
1,536 |
1,614.2 |
1.0 |
- |
6,984 |
6,713.0 |
1.0 |
- |
Hepatitis C (newly acquired) |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
4 |
11 |
17 |
16 |
101 |
106 |
101.8 |
1.0 |
- |
410 |
410.2 |
1.0 |
- |
Hepatitis C (unspecified) |
4 |
107 |
5 |
122 |
13 |
11 |
57 |
41 |
360 |
407 |
396 |
2,135 |
2,290 |
2,469.0 |
0.9 |
- |
10,250 |
10,464.2 |
1.0 |
- |
Hepatitis D |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
4 |
7 |
9 |
7.2 |
1.3 |
- |
55 |
36.6 |
1.5 |
10.0 |
Gastrointestinal diseases |
Botulism |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
- |
4 |
0.6 |
6.7 |
1.6 |
Campylobacteriosis |
13 |
NN |
19 |
217 |
60 |
33 |
250 |
86 |
678 |
711 |
562 |
4,322 |
4,719 |
4,335.4 |
1.1 |
- |
15,695 |
16,198.4 |
1.0 |
- |
Cryptosporidiosis |
7 |
25 |
10 |
41 |
6 |
1 |
18 |
27 |
135 |
113 |
334 |
764 |
822 |
1,175.2 |
0.7 |
- |
3,297 |
2,737.6 |
1.2 |
- |
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
1 |
9 |
10 |
4.4 |
2.3 |
2.3 |
17 |
17.2 |
1.0 |
- |
Hepatitis A |
0 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
1 |
10 |
24 |
7 |
81 |
86 |
65.0 |
1.3 |
- |
207 |
282.6 |
0.7 |
- |
Hepatitis E |
0 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
8 |
11 |
9.8 |
1.1 |
- |
33 |
37.4 |
0.9 |
- |
Listeriosis |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
18 |
21 |
27.6 |
0.8 |
- |
67 |
79.6 |
0.8 |
- |
STEC, VTEC |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
6 |
6 |
37 |
40 |
37.4 |
1.1 |
- |
175 |
105.0 |
1.7 |
24.4 |
Salmonellosis |
7 |
231 |
11 |
260 |
33 |
16 |
145 |
52 |
755 |
947 |
612 |
4,617 |
4,926 |
3,872.0 |
1.3 |
28.9 |
13,757 |
10,851.6 |
1.3 |
- |
Shigellosis |
1 |
16 |
5 |
10 |
1 |
0 |
3 |
6 |
42 |
43 |
16 |
287 |
300 |
165.2 |
1.8 |
74.9 |
688 |
590.2 |
1.2 |
- |
Typhoid Fever |
0 |
2 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
4 |
9 |
8 |
44 |
47 |
48.0 |
1.0 |
- |
131 |
121.0 |
1.1 |
- |
Quarantinable diseases |
Cholera |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.6 |
0.0 |
- |
3 |
4.6 |
0.7 |
- |
HPAIH |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
- |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
- |
Plague |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
- |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
- |
Rabies |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
- |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
- |
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
- |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
- |
Smallpox |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
- |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
- |
Viral haemorrhagic fever (NEC) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
- |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
- |
Yellow fever |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
- |
0 |
1.0 |
0.0 |
- |
Sexually transmissible infections |
Chlamydial infection |
35 |
838 |
28 |
832 |
198 |
72 |
648 |
537 |
3,188 |
3,672 |
3,132 |
19,323 |
20,525 |
18,385.2 |
1.1 |
- |
83,449 |
73,110.2 |
1.1 |
- |
Donovanosis |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0.2 |
5.0 |
- |
1 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
- |
Gonococcal infection |
5 |
168 |
24 |
107 |
23 |
3 |
113 |
97 |
540 |
627 |
546 |
3,674 |
3,986 |
2,814.2 |
1.4 |
- |
15,597 |
10,671.8 |
1.5 |
- |
Syphilis - congenital |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1.6 |
0.6 |
- |
6 |
4.4 |
1.4 |
- |
Syphilis < 2 years |
0 |
2 |
1 |
17 |
1 |
0 |
18 |
3 |
42 |
46 |
83 |
345 |
382 |
344.4 |
1.1 |
- |
1,714 |
1,337.8 |
1.3 |
28.7 |
Syphilis > 2 years or unspecified duration |
1 |
1 |
1 |
10 |
2 |
1 |
32 |
3 |
51 |
73 |
79 |
347 |
370 |
326.8 |
1.1 |
- |
1,689 |
1,362.0 |
1.2 |
255.9 |
Vaccine preventable diseases |
Diphtheria |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
- |
2 |
0.8 |
2.5 |
- |
Haemophilus influenzae type b |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
3.4 |
0.9 |
- |
21 |
18.8 |
1.1 |
- |
Influenza (laboratory confirmed) |
5 |
82 |
13 |
235 |
76 |
7 |
70 |
64 |
552 |
549 |
405 |
3,452 |
3,745 |
2,086.0 |
1.8 |
- |
29,638 |
31,058.8 |
1.0 |
- |
Measles |
0 |
11 |
1 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
16 |
34 |
1 |
166 |
172 |
33.8 |
5.1 |
78.3 |
308 |
121.8 |
2.5 |
78.1 |
Mumps |
0 |
2 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
4 |
15 |
16 |
57 |
59 |
43.0 |
1.4 |
- |
204 |
170.2 |
1.2 |
- |
Pertussis |
4 |
60 |
2 |
55 |
12 |
6 |
127 |
51 |
317 |
377 |
425 |
2,232 |
2,458 |
7,539.4 |
0.3 |
- |
11,209 |
28,799.4 |
0.4 |
- |
Pneumococcal disease (invasive) |
1 |
10 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
14 |
11 |
41 |
38 |
29 |
194 |
225 |
236.8 |
1.0 |
- |
1,548 |
1,715.0 |
0.9 |
- |
Poliomyelitis |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
- |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
- |
Rubella |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
6 |
6 |
9.4 |
0.6 |
- |
32 |
39.6 |
0.8 |
- |
Rubella Congenital |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
- |
2 |
0.2 |
10.0 |
0.9 |
Tetanus |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1.6 |
0.0 |
- |
2 |
4.2 |
0.5 |
- |
Varicella zoster (Chickenpox)+ |
0 |
NN |
4 |
4 |
13 |
0 |
27 |
11 |
59 |
52 |
47 |
382 |
465 |
375.6 |
1.2 |
- |
2,088 |
1,906.2 |
1.1 |
- |
Varicella zoster (Shingles)+ |
1 |
NN |
8 |
0 |
40 |
5 |
43 |
38 |
135 |
221 |
194 |
1,115 |
1,230 |
942.8 |
1.3 |
- |
5,001 |
3,446.0 |
1.5 |
- |
Varicella zoster (Unspecified)+ |
4 |
NN |
0 |
234 |
42 |
9 |
137 |
75 |
501 |
481 |
365 |
2,670 |
2,887 |
1,858.0 |
1.6 |
507.8 |
10,577 |
7,144.0 |
1.5 |
764.3 |
Vectorborne diseases |
Arbovirus infection (NEC) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
8 |
8 |
3.2 |
2.5 |
0.5 |
25 |
11.8 |
2.1 |
1.6 |
Barmah Forest virus infection |
0 |
11 |
2 |
22 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
39 |
44 |
298 |
320 |
350 |
670.6 |
0.5 |
- |
3,429 |
1,827.4 |
1.9 |
753.6 |
Dengue virus infection |
0 |
17 |
4 |
22 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
11 |
57 |
80 |
74 |
559 |
589 |
529.6 |
1.1 |
- |
1,952 |
1,163.6 |
1.7 |
158.3 |
Japanese encephalitis virus infection |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
- |
4 |
0.4 |
10.0 |
2.5 |
Kunjin virus infection |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
0.6 |
3.3 |
0.3 |
3 |
1.4 |
2.1 |
- |
Malaria |
0 |
3 |
0 |
5 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
10 |
11 |
10 |
80 |
86 |
112.6 |
0.8 |
- |
377 |
443.6 |
0.8 |
- |
Murray Valley encephalitis virus infection |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.6 |
0.0 |
- |
1 |
4.6 |
0.2 |
- |
Ross River virus infection |
0 |
25 |
23 |
94 |
5 |
1 |
0 |
155 |
303 |
285 |
227 |
1,366 |
1,467 |
1,692.0 |
0.9 |
- |
4,436 |
4,843.0 |
0.9 |
- |
Zoonoses |
Anthrax |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
- |
0 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
- |
Australian bat lyssavirus |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
- |
0 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
- |
Brucellosis |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
6 |
6 |
7.6 |
0.8 |
- |
23 |
31.8 |
0.7 |
- |
Leptospirosis |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
5 |
3 |
20 |
21 |
46.8 |
0.4 |
- |
103 |
139.6 |
0.7 |
- |
Lyssavirus (NEC) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
- |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
- |
Ornithosis |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
8 |
8 |
14.2 |
0.6 |
- |
49 |
77.6 |
0.6 |
- |
Q fever |
0 |
1 |
0 |
8 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
12 |
17 |
18 |
126 |
135 |
84.0 |
1.6 |
32.8 |
501 |
346.8 |
1.4 |
97.1 |
Tularaemia |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
- |
0 |
1.0 |
0.0 |
- |
Other bacterial infections |
Legionellosis |
0 |
8 |
0 |
2 |
3 |
0 |
3 |
4 |
20 |
9 |
16 |
80 |
83 |
78.0 |
1.1 |
- |
505 |
326.8 |
1.5 |
83.6 |
Leprosy |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
3 |
1.4 |
2.1 |
- |
14 |
8.2 |
1.7 |
2.8 |
Meningococcal disease (invasive) |
0 |
1 |
0 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
6 |
4 |
9 |
24 |
24 |
45.0 |
0.5 |
- |
141 |
247.8 |
0.6 |
- |
Tuberculosis |
0 |
5 |
0 |
6 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
7 |
24 |
49 |
44 |
240 |
264 |
310.4 |
0.9 |
- |
1,212 |
1,324.4 |
0.9 |
- |
Totals |
88 |
1,745 |
164 |
2,368 |
548 |
170 |
1,781 |
1,324 |
8,188 |
9,289 |
8,254 |
50,723 |
54,526 |
|
|
|
227,805 |
|
|
|
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