- Trachoma program coverage
- Screening coverage
- Clean face prevalence
- Trachoma prevalence
- Treatment delivery and coverage
- Trichiasis
- Health promotion
South Australian results – Figures
- Figure 3.1 Trachoma prevalence in children aged 5-9 years, number of communities that were screened, treated or both for trachoma and number of at-risk communities in South Australia, 2013
- Figure 3.2 Number of communities at risk, by region, in South Australia, 2007 – 2013
- Figure 3.3 Number of at-risk communities, by region, according to trachoma control strategy implemented, South Australia, 2013
- Figure 3.4 Population screening coverage of children aged 5-9 years in at-risk communities that required screening for trachoma, by region, in South Australia in 2013
- Figure 3.5 Proportion of screened children* aged 5-9 years who had a clean face, by region, in South Australia, 2007 – 2013
- Figure 3.6 Trachoma prevalence among children aged 5-9 year in at-risk communities that were screened, by region, in South Australia, 2007 – 2013
- Figure 3.7 Number of at-risk communities according to level of trachoma prevalence in 5-9-year-old children, by region, South Australia, 2013
- Figure 3.8 At-risk communities according to number of years* of trachoma prevalence under 5% by region, South Australia, 2013
- Figure 3.9 Number of doses of azithromycin administered for the treatment of trachoma, by region, South Australia, 2007 – 2013
South Australian results –Tables
- Table 3.1 Trachoma control delivery in South Australia in 2013
- Table 3.2 Trachoma screening coverage, trachoma prevalence and clean face prevalence in children (0-14 years old), by region, in South Australia in 2013
- Table 3.3 Treatment strategies, by region, in South Australia in 2013
- Table 3.4 Trachoma treatment coverage, by region, in South Australia in 2013
- Table 3.5 Trichiasis screening coverage, prevalence and treatment among Aboriginal adults aged over 40 years, by region, in South Australia in 2013
- Table 3.6 Health promotion activities, by region in South Australia in 2013
Summary
Top of pageTrachoma program coverage
- In 2013 SA identified 22 communities in three regions as being at risk of trachoma (Table 3.1).
- Of the 22 communities at risk, 16 were screened for trachoma (Table 3.1).
- Screening of only 3 of the 9 at-risk communities in the APY Lands occurred because practicalities in finalising contracts resulted in delays.
- SA also screened 11 not at-risk communities in the York and Mid North region.
Screening coverage
- Population screening coverage of 5-9-year-old children in the 16 at-risk communities screened was 90%, ranging from 78% in the APY Lands to 96% in the Far North region (Table 3.2, Figure 3.4)
Clean face prevalence
- Clean face prevalence was assessed in all communities that were screened.
- The overall prevalence of clean faces among 5-9-year-old children in the screened communities was 87%, ranging from 71% in the APY Lands, to 100% in the Far North region (Table 3.2, Figure 3.5).
Trachoma prevalence
- The prevalence of trachoma in children aged 5-9 years screened was 3.5%. Prevalence ranged from 0.3% in the Far North region to 11% in the APY Lands (Table 3.2, Figure 3.6).
- No trachoma was reported in 10 communities (Figure 3.7).
- Endemic levels of trachoma were reported in six communities (Figure 3.7).
- Non endemic levels of trachoma have been reported for four communities over a period of 5 years which would reclassify these communities as being not at risk for trachoma (Figure 3.8)
Treatment delivery and coverage
- Trachoma treatment strategies were applied in six communities (Table 3.3)
- Treatment was delivered to active cases and households in five communities, and to the whole of community in one community as per guidelines (Table 3.3)
- The overall treatment coverage in all regions was 99% with 203 doses of azithromycin delivered (Table 3.4)
Trichiasis
- Screening for trichiasis was undertaken in 23 communities.
- Overall 1,834 adults aged over 15 years were screened.
- The prevalence of trichiasis in adults aged 15 years and over was 0.4%, and 0.6% in adults aged 40 years and over.
- Surgery for trichiasis was reported to be undertaken for two adults (Table 3.5).
Health promotion
- Health promotion activities were reported to have occurred in 26 communities in all regions.
- A total of 37 health promotion activities were reported.
- The majority of the health promotion activities were delivered to children and health professional staff members (Table 3.6). Top of page
South Australian results Figures
Figure 3.1 Trachoma prevalence in children aged 5-9 years, number of communities that were screened, treated or both for trachoma and number of at-risk communities in South Australia, 2013
Figure 3.2 Number of communities at risk, by region, in South Australia, 2007 – 2013
* APY: Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara
Figure 3.3 Number of at-risk communities, by region, according to trachoma control strategy implemented, South Australia, 2013
* APY: Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara
Top of pageFigure 3.4 Population screening coverage of children aged 5-9 years in at-risk communities that required screening for trachoma, by region, in South Australia in 2013
* APY: Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara
Figure 3.5 Proportion of screened children* aged 5-9 years who had a clean face, by region, in South Australia, 2007 – 2013
* In at-risk communities
APY: Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara
Figure 3.6 Trachoma prevalence among children aged 5-9 year in at-risk communities that were screened, by region, in South Australia, 2007 – 2013
APY: Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara
Figure 3.7 Number of at-risk communities according to level of trachoma prevalence in 5-9-year-old children, by region, South Australia, 2013
* APY: Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara
Top of pageFigure 3.8 At-risk communities according to number of years* of trachoma prevalence under 5% by region, South Australia, 2013
* 5 years with a prevalence below 5% classifies a community as not at risk of trachoma
APY: Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara
Figure 3.9 Number of doses of azithromycin administered for the treatment of trachoma, by region, South Australia, 2007 – 2013
APY: Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara
Top of pageSouth Australia results Tables
At risk |
Not at risk |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of communities |
APY Lands |
Eyre and Western |
Far North |
Total |
York and Mid North |
*Communities treated without screening in 2013 as per guideline instructions | |||||
At risk* (A) | 9 |
5 |
8 |
22 |
0 |
Requiring screening for trachoma (B) | 9 |
5 |
8 |
22 |
0 |
Screened for trachoma (C) | 3 |
5 |
8 |
16 |
11 |
Requiring treatment only (D) | N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
Treated † (E) | N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
Screened and/or treated for trachoma (F = C+E) | 3 |
5 |
8 |
16 |
11 |
Requiring neither screening or treatment for trachoma (G=A-B-D) | N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
APY Lands |
Eyre and Western |
Far North |
Total |
York and Mid North |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
*ABS estimate †In communities that were screened for trachoma APY: Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara | ||||||||||||||||||||
Number of communities screened |
3 |
5 |
8 |
16 |
11 |
|||||||||||||||
Age group (years) | 0-4 |
5-9 |
10-14 |
0-14 |
0-4 |
5-9 |
10-14 |
0-14 |
0-4 |
5-9 |
10-14 |
0-14 |
0-4 |
5-9 |
10-14 |
0-14 |
0-4 |
5-9 |
10-14 |
0-14 |
Children examined for clean face | 0 |
121 |
0 |
.. |
12 |
270 |
105 |
387 |
36 |
377 |
274 |
687 |
.. |
768 |
.. |
.. |
1 |
116 |
86 |
203 |
Children with clean face | .. |
86 |
.. |
.. |
11 |
208 |
68 |
287 |
33 |
377 |
274 |
684 |
.. |
671 |
.. |
.. |
1 |
116 |
86 |
203 |
Clean face prevalence (%) | .. |
71 |
.. |
.. |
92 |
77 |
65 |
74 |
92 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
.. |
87 |
.. |
.. |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
Estimated number* of Aboriginal children in communities† | .. |
156 |
.. |
.. |
258 |
308 |
207 |
773 |
334 |
393 |
388 |
1115 |
.. |
857 |
.. |
.. |
143 |
151 |
126 |
420 |
Children examined for trachoma | 0 |
121 |
0 |
.. |
12 |
270 |
105 |
387 |
36 |
377 |
274 |
687 |
.. |
768 |
.. |
.. |
1 |
116 |
86 |
203 |
Trachoma screening coverage (%) | .. |
78 |
.. |
.. |
5 |
88 |
51 |
50 |
11 |
96 |
71 |
62 |
.. |
90 |
.. |
.. |
1 |
77 |
68 |
48 |
Children with active trachoma | .. |
13 |
.. |
.. |
1 |
13 |
5 |
19 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
.. |
27 |
.. |
.. |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Active trachoma prevalence (%) | .. |
11 |
.. |
.. |
8.3 |
4.8 |
4.8 |
4.9 |
0.0 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
.. |
3.5 |
.. |
.. |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Number of communities |
APY Lands |
Eyre and Western |
Far North |
Yorke and Mid North |
Total |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
APY: Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara | ||||||||||
Required treatment for trachoma | 3 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
6 |
|||||
Treated for trachoma | 3 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
6 |
|||||
Screened and treated | 3 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
6 |
|||||
Received treatment only | N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
0 |
|||||
Received 6-monthly treatment | N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
0 |
|||||
Did not require treatment | 0 |
3 |
7 |
0 |
10 |
|||||
Treated active cases and households | 3 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
5 |
|||||
Treated the whole of community | 0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
|||||
Not treated according to CDNA guidelines | 0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
APY Lands |
Eyre and Western |
Far North |
York and Mid North (Not at-risk) |
Total |
|||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
APY: Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Age group (years) | 0-4 |
5-9 |
10-14 |
15+ |
All |
0-4 |
5-9 |
10-14 |
15+ |
All |
0-4 |
5-9 |
10-14 |
15+ |
All |
0-4 |
5-9 |
10-14 |
15+ |
All |
0-4 |
5-9 |
10-14 |
15+ |
All |
Active cases requiring treatment | .. |
13 |
.. |
.. |
13 |
1 |
13 |
5 |
.. |
19 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
.. |
1 |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
.. |
N/A |
1 |
27 |
5 |
0 |
33 |
Active cases who received treatment | .. |
13 |
.. |
.. |
13 |
1 |
13 |
5 |
.. |
19 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
.. |
1 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
1 |
27 |
5 |
0 |
33 |
Active cases who received treatment (%) | .. |
100 |
.. |
.. |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
.. |
100 |
.. |
100 |
.. |
.. |
100 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
100 |
100 |
100 |
.. |
100 |
Estimated contacts requiring treatment | 13 |
14 |
11 |
45 |
83 |
11 |
26 |
18 |
32 |
87 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
3 |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
25 |
41 |
29 |
78 |
173 |
Number of contacts who received treatment | 13 |
14 |
10 |
43 |
80 |
11 |
26 |
18 |
32 |
87 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
3 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
25 |
41 |
28 |
76 |
170 |
Estimated contacts who received treatment (%) | 100 |
100 |
91 |
96 |
96 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
.. |
100 |
100 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
100 |
100 |
97 |
97 |
98 |
Total number of doses of azithromycin delivered | 13 |
27 |
10 |
43 |
93 |
12 |
39 |
23 |
32 |
106 |
1 |
2 |
0 |
1 |
4 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
26 |
68 |
33 |
76 |
203 |
Estimated overall treatment coverage (%) | 100 |
100 |
91 |
96 |
97 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 | 100 | 100 |
100 |
.. |
100 |
100 |
.. | .. | .. |
.. |
.. |
100 |
100 |
97 |
97 |
99 |
APY Lands |
Eyre and Western |
Far North |
Yorke and Mid North |
Total |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
*Population estimate limited to trachoma endemic regions and does not take into account changing endemic regions over time and transiency between regions | |||||||||||
Number of communities screened for trichiasis | 9 |
5 |
7 |
2 |
23 |
||||||
Age group (years) | 15-39 |
40+ |
15-39 |
40+ |
15-39 |
40+ |
15-39 |
40+ |
15-39 |
40+ |
15+ |
Estimated population in region* | 1020 |
495 |
639 |
340 |
1189 |
850 |
537 |
436 |
3385 |
2121 |
5506 |
Adults examined† | 411 |
333 |
.. |
452 |
82 |
508 |
19 |
29 |
512 |
1322 |
1834 |
With trichiasis (% of adults examined) | 0 |
4 (1%) |
.. |
0 |
0 |
3 (0.6%) |
0 |
1 (3%) |
0 |
8 (0.6%) |
8 (0.4%) |
Offered ophthalmic consultation | 0 |
4 |
.. |
0 |
.. |
3 |
.. |
1 |
.. |
8 |
8 |
Declined ophthalmic consultation | 0 |
0 |
.. |
0 |
.. |
0 |
.. |
0 |
.. |
0 |
0 |
Surgery in past 12 months | 0 |
2 |
.. |
0 |
.. |
0 |
.. |
0 |
.. |
2 |
2 |
APY Lands |
Eyre and Western |
Far North |
York and Midnorth |
Total |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
*2-4 times per year †5-12 times per year | |||||
Number of communities at risk | 9 |
5 |
8 |
.. |
22 |
Number of communities who reported health promotion activities | 3 |
5 |
8 |
10 |
26 |
Total number of programs reported | 3 |
9 |
13 |
12 |
37 |
Methods of Health Promotion | |||||
One-on-one discussion | 3 |
8 |
13 |
12 |
36 |
Presentation to group | .. |
9 |
1 |
1 |
11 |
Interactive group session | .. |
7 |
1 |
.. |
8 |
Social marketing | .. |
6 |
.. |
.. |
6 |
Print material/mass media | 3 |
6 |
12 |
1 |
22 |
Sporting/community events | .. |
7 |
1 |
.. |
8 |
Other | .. |
5 |
.. |
.. |
5 |
Target audience | |||||
Health professionals/staff | 1 |
7 |
13 |
2 |
23 |
Children | 3 |
9 |
13 |
12 |
37 |
Youth | .. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
0 |
Teachers/childcare/preschool staff | 3 |
8 |
2 |
.. |
13 |
Caregivers/parents | .. |
8 |
.. |
.. |
8 |
Community members | 3 |
7 |
1 |
.. |
11 |
Community educators/health promoters | 3 |
7 |
1 |
.. |
11 |
Interagency members | .. |
6 |
1 |
2 |
9 |
Frequency of health promotion activities | |||||
Once | .. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
Occasional* | 3 |
4 |
13 |
12 |
32 |
Regular† | .. |
5 |
.. |
.. |
5 |
Ongoing/routine | .. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
Health promotion summary
South Australian agencies that undertake screening and treatment work also undertake health promotion activities including community education with regard to the importance of clean faces. The clean face message is communicated with the clean hand message. Information is provided to teachers, health workers, families and children with the aim of achieving a social norm in which clean faces are expected, and unclean faces are rarely observed. Environmental changes are also being focused on. Mirrors at schools are being fixed to walls at the eye level of younger children, house maintenance officers are being encouraged to fix household taps in short time frames. Environmental health officers working in remote communities have received training to improve their knowledge of the factors impacting on trachoma transmission and the SAFE strategy (Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial Cleanliness and Environment). Country Health SA is monitoring the housing upgrades and housing maintenance in remote communities of the state, recognising that working taps are health hardware in housing and are essential both to improving general health and reducing the prevalence of trachoma.