Communicable Diseases Intelligence

Communicable Diseases Intelligence (CDI) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Aged Care. The journal aims to disseminate information on the epidemiology, surveillance, prevention and control of communicable diseases of relevance to Australia.

Page last updated: 01 June 2023

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2023 Articles

Letters to the Editor

Characterisation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolates in the Northern Territory of Australia

Matthew Howes, Dimitrios Menouhos, Stefanos Christofis, Jann Hennessy, Rob Baird || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2023.47.31 || Published online: 25/05/2023
Full Text: (PDF 386.47 KB) (Word 318.85 KB)

A comparison of post-COVID vaccine myocarditis classification using the Brighton Collaboration criteria versus Centre for Disease Control criteria

Tessa R Marshall, Silja Schrader, Laura Voss, Jim P Buttery, Nigel W Crawford, Daryl R Cheng || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2023.47.2 || Published online: 19/01/2023
Full Text: (PDF 259.11 KB) (Word 5.34 MB)

Staphylococcus lugdunensis and coagulase-negative staphylococci species characterisation in a tropical climate

Matthew Howes, Rob Baird || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2023.47.3 || Published online: 19/01/2023
Full Text: (PDF 269.25 KB) (Word 117.19 KB)

Original articles

Cohorting children in a childcare setting: a strategy to reduce SARS-CoV-2 Delta transmission, August-September 2021

Yasmin Lisson, Alexandra Marmor, Algreg Gomez, Robyn Hall, Amy Elizabeth Parry, Rose Wright, Aparna Lal || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2023.47.22 || Published online: 27/4/2023
Full Text: (PDF 867.48 KB) (Word 764.41 KB)

Epidemiology of syphilis in the Nepean and Blue Mountains Local Health District between 1 October 2009 and 30 September 2019

Sheena R Kakar, George Truman, Jane Thomas, Eva YH Jackson, Bradley L Forssman || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2023.47.17 || Published online: 23/3/2023
Full Text: (PDF 497.24 KB) (Word 236.37 KB)

Identifying a more severe emergent COVID-19 variant using Emergency Departments’ routinely collected clinical measures

Adelaide Nyinawingeri, Michael Staff || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2023.47.16 || Published online: 23/3/2023
Full Text: (PDF 401.35 KB) (Word 129.15 KB)

Wave of COVID-19 outbreaks in Gold Coast residential aged care facilities after easing travel restrictions into Queensland

Candice Colbran, Fiona May, Fiona Vosti, Tracy Bladen, Andre Wattiaux, Vicki Slinko || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2023.47.15 || Published online: 23/3/2023
Full Text: (PDF 639.02 KB) (Word 479.02 KB)

SMS reminders increase on-time vaccination in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander infants

Jane L Manderson, Nicolas R Smoll, Dianne L Krenske, Lucinda Nedwich, Latoya Harbin, Margaret G Charles, Amanda Wyatt, Connie N Schulz, Jacina Walker, Gulam M Khandaker || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2023.47.13 || Published online: 23/3/2023
Full Text: (PDF 580.53 KB) (Word 320.25 KB)

A foodborne outbreak of campylobacteriosis at a wedding – Melbourne, Australia, 2022

Jane McAllister, Joy Gregory, Jim Adamopoulos, Madeleine Walsh, Anastasia Stylianopoulos, Anna-Lena Arnold, Russell Stafford, Patiyan Andersson, Tony Stewart || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2023.47.10 || Published online: 28/02/2023
Full Text: (Word 163.06 KB) (PDF 554.05 KB)

Interrupted time series segmented regression analysis for detecting waterborne disease outbreaks by syndromic surveillance

Aidan Yuen, Davoud Pourmarzi, Suzie Sarkis, Carmela Luisetto, Kamal Khatri, Angie Bone, Jim Black || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2023.47.5 || Published online: 28/02/2023
Full Text: (Word 775.96 KB) (PDF 1.04 MB)

Serology study of healthcare workers following a hospital-based outbreak of COVID-19 in North West Tasmania, Australia, 2020

Michelle McPherson, Nicola Stephens, Kylie J Smith, M Therese Marfori, Meru Sheel, Louise Cooley, Belinda McEwan, Mark Veitch, Fay H Johnston || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2023.47.6 || Published online: 19/01/2023
Full Text: (PDF 417.44 KB) (Word 133.62 KB)

Short reports

Using silent area analysis to inform a COVID-19 public health response in Hunter New England, regional New South Wales

Michelle Butler, Benjamin Elton, David Durrheim || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2023.47.24 || Published online: 27/4/2023
Full Text: (PDF 1.39 MB) (Word 872.41 KB)

The epidemiology of the COVID-19 pandemic in the small, low-resource country of Timor-Leste, January 2020 – June 2022

Maria AV Niha, Anthony DK Draper, Odete da Silva Viegas, Rui M de Araujo, Josefina C Joao, Endang da Silva, Ismail Barreto, Nevio Sarmento, Tessa Oakley, Filipe de Neri Machado, Nicholas SS Fancourt, Ian Marr, Liliana N dos Santos Fernandes, Noemia Martins, Paul Arkell, Ari JP Tilman, Benjamin Dingle, Carlito C Freitas, Partha S Bhowmick, Sarah Sheridan, Benjamin P Howden, Jennifer Yan, Joshua R Francis, Nelson Martins || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2023.47.1 || Published online: 19/01/2023
Full Text: (PDF 542.8 KB) (Word 5.45 MB)

Review Articles

ATAGI Targeted Review 2022: Vaccination for prevention of herpes zoster in Australia

Yuanfei Anny Huang, Jean Li-Kim-Moy, Sanjay Jayasinghe, Clayton Chiu, Kristine Macartney, Bette Liu, Penelope Burns, Michelle Giles, Nigel Crawford on behalf of ATAGI || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2023.47.21 || Published online: 27/4/2023
Full Text: (PDF 665.81 KB) (Word 413.94 KB)

ATAGI Targeted Review 2021: the national COVID-19 vaccination program

Sanjay Jayasinghe, Cyra Patel, Lucy Armstrong, Clayton Chiu, Kristine Macartney, Katie Flanagan, Katherine Gibney, Michelle Giles, Nigel Crawford, Allen Cheng, Chris Blyth on behalf of ATAGI || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2023.47.20 || Published online: 27/4/2023
Full Text: (PDF 1.05 MB) (Word 760.56 KB)

Quarterly reports

Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme, 1 October to 31 December 2022

Monica M Lahra, Siobhan M Hurley, Sebastiaan Van Hal and Tiffany R Hogan || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2023.47.30 || Published online: 25/05/2023
Full Text: (PDF 272.51 KB) (Word 145.32 KB)

Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme, 1 July to 30 September 2022

Monica M Lahra, Siobhan M Hurley, Sanghamitra Ray and Tiffany R Hogan || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2023.47.29 || Published online: 25/05/2023
Full Text: (PDF 267.67 KB) (Word 143.32 KB)

Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme, 1 April to 30 June 2022

Monica M Lahra, Siobhan Hurley, Sanghamitra Ray and Tiffany R Hogan || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2023.47.28 || Published online: 25/05/2023
Full Text: (PDF 263.39 KB) (Word 145.51 KB)

Meningococcal Surveillance Australia Reporting period 1 October to 31 December 2022

Monica M Lahra, Siobhan M Hurley and Tiffany R Hogan for the National Neisseria Network || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2023.47.23 || Published online: 27/4/2023
Full Text: (PDF 246.99 KB) (Word 120.21 KB)

Meningococcal Surveillance Australia Reporting period 1 July to 30 September 2022

Monica M Lahra, Sanghamitra Ray and Tiffany R Hogan for the National Neisseria Network || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2023.47.4 || Published online: 19/01/2023
Full Text: (PDF 256.3 KB) (Word 118.02 KB)

Annual reports

FluTracking: Weekly online community-based surveillance of influenza-like illness in Australia, 2019 Annual Report

Sandra J Carlson, Reilly J Innes, Zachary L Howard, Zoe Baldwin, Michelle Butler, Craig B Dalton || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2023.47.14 || Published online: 23/3/2023
Full Text: (PDF 903.26 KB) (Word 1.46 MB)

Surveillance summary

The utility of empirical mupirocin for eradication of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonisation in Far North Queensland, Australia

Isabel Guthridge, Stuart Campbell, Simon Smith, Josh Hanson || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2023.47.9 || Published online: 28/02/2023
Full Text: (PDF 354.51 KB) (Word 124.32 KB)

Policy and guidelines

New and revised surveillance case definitions approved by the Communicable Diseases Network Australia since 1 January 2021

|| https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2023.47.11 || Published online: 28/02/2023
Full Text: (PDF 186.36 KB) (Word 136.13 KB)

The use of whole genome sequencing for tuberculosis public health activities in Australia: a joint statement of the National Tuberculosis Advisory Committee and Communicable Diseases Genomics Network

Ellen J Donnan, Ben J Marais, Chris Coulter, Justin Waring, Ivan Bastian, Deborah A Williamson, Norelle L Sherry, Katherine Bond, Vitali Sintchenko, Ella M Meumann, Kristy Horan, Louise Cooley, and Justin T Denholm, for the National Tuberculosis Advisory Committee and the Communicable Diseases Genomics Network || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2023.47.8 || Published online: 28/02/2023
Full Text: (Word 128.23 KB) (PDF 403.55 KB)

2022 Articles

Notices to readers

World Antimicrobial Awareness Week (WAAW) Symposium: 18 November 2022

CDI Editorial Team || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.79 || Published online: 17/11/2022
Full Text: (Word 5.32 MB) (PDF 163.64 KB)

ATAGI 2022 Annual Statement on Immunisation

Catherine T Tran, Madeline Valeri, Clayton Chiu, Michelle L Giles, Allen C Cheng, Kristine K Macartney, Christopher C Blyth, Nigel W Crawford on behalf of the Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.67 || Published online: 20/10/2022
Full Text: (Word 5.36 MB) (PDF 478.57 KB)

Editorial

Announcement of a change in CDI’s editorship

CDI Editorial Team || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.31 || Published online: 19/5/2022
Full Text: (Word 72.03 KB) (PDF 192.07 KB)

Letters to the Editor

Upskilling the public health workforce in communicable disease control

Michelle McPherson, Silvana Bettiol, Nicola Stephens || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.74 || Published online: 17/11/2022
Full Text: (Word 5.32 MB) (PDF 247.33 KB)

Public health response to a norovirus viral gastroenteritis outbreak in early childhood learning centres in Victoria, Australia, 2021

George P Drewett, Anna-Lena Arnold, Leesa Bruggink, Sarah Borg, Kaye Sturge, Bruce Bolam || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.64 || Published online: 26/09/2022
Full Text: (Word 5.84 MB) (PDF 714.1 KB)

First case of NDM-1-producing Acinetobacter baumannii isolated in Timor-Leste

Nevio Sarmento, Tessa Oakley, Joana C Belo, Virginia L da Conceição, Carolina da C Maia, Celia G Santos, Elfiana Amaral, Lucia Toto, Endang S da Silva, Ian Marr, Jennifer Yan, Joshua R Francis || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.65 || Published online: 26/09/2022
Full Text: (Word 5.33 MB) (PDF 332.03 KB)

HIV risk and gonococcal genotype: Opportunities to improve passive surveillance for prompt identification of syndemics?

Sara FE Bell, Stephen B Lambert, Amy V Jennison, Christine JD Guglielmino, Robert S Ware, David M Whiley || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.22 || Published online: 26/4/2022
Full Text: (Word 223.75 KB) (PDF 409.65 KB)

Original articles

Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 infection associated with the use of an apartment building spa pool

Toni Cains, Hakoum Shalak, Verlaine J Timms, Alexander Kiss, Anna Smith, Vitali Sintchenko, Catherine Bateman-Steel, Mark J Ferson || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.82 || Published online: 15/12/2022
Full Text: (Word 5.61 MB) (PDF 1.72 MB)

Undetected serovars: leptospirosis cases in the Cairns region during the 2021 wet season

Caroline Taunton, Carol El Hayek, Emma Field, Sally Rubenach, Juliet Esmonde, Simon Smith, Annie Preston-Thomas || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.70 || Published online: 17/11/2022
Full Text: (Word 6.18 MB) (PDF 1.16 MB)

The value of active follow up of a newly acquired hepatitis B infection – lessons for current approaches

Adam G Capon, Anthea L Katelaris, Eleanor Sullivan, Nicolas Gonzalez, Alice Zhu, Maria Browne, Milica Mihajlovic, Mark J Ferson, Vicky Sheppeard || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.71 || Published online: 20/10/2022
Full Text: (Word 5.34 MB) (PDF 353.04 KB)

Donuts for weight loss? A norovirus outbreak associated with a bakery in the Australian Capital Territory

Keeley Allen, Felicity Greenville, Alexandra Marmor, Natasha Waters, Victoria Wansink, Lyndell Hudson, Nevada Pingault || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.69 || Published online: 20/10/2022
Full Text: (Word 5.38 MB) (PDF 474.94 KB)

Hepatitis A outbreak in Australia linked to imported Medjool dates, June–September 2021

Caitlin O’Neill, Neil Franklin, Alan Edwards, Tania Martin, Jacinta O’Keefe, Kathy Jackson, Nevada Pingault, Keira Glasgow || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.68 || Published online: 20/10/2022
Full Text: (Word 5.66 MB) (PDF 894.46 KB)

Hepatitis B prevalence in women giving birth in the Northern Territory, Australia, 2005–2015

Amalie Dyda, Skye McGregor, Paula Binks, Jane Davies, Steven YC Tong, Vicki Krause, Peter Markey, Shu Li Qin Li, Joshua S Davis, John M Kaldor, Bette Liu || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.62 || Published online: 26/09/2022
Full Text: (Word 5.34 MB) (PDF 404.91 KB)

Outbreaks of Human Metapneumovirus in Western Sydney Aged-Care Facilities in 2018

Christian G Jones, Elizabeth Escarate, Elizabeth Clarke, Penelope Clark, Sophie Norton, Shopna Bag, Jen Kok, Dominic Dwyer, Richard I Lindley, Robert Booy || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.54 || Published online: 18/8/2022
Full Text: (Word 228.49 KB) (PDF 432.13 KB)

Using artificial intelligence for personal protective equipment guidance for healthcare workers in the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond

Veronica A Preda, Anand Jayapadman, Alexandra Zacharakis, Farah Magrabi, Terry Carney, Peter Petocz, Michael Wilson || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.51 || Published online: 18/8/2022
Full Text: (Word 313.27 KB) (PDF 624.05 KB)

How do general practitioners test and treat gonococcal infections in the Australian Capital Territory? Implications for disease surveillance and control

Lorane Gaborit, Ben Polkinghorne, Alexandra Marmor || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.45 || Published online: 21/7/2022
Full Text: (Word 6.33 MB) (PDF 672.52 KB)

Pens down: An outbreak of the B.1.617.2 SARS-CoV-2 variant in an Australian high school, August 2021

Keeley Allen, Alexandra Marmor, Davoud Pourmarzi || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.44 || Published online: 21/7/2022
Full Text: (Word 5.68 MB) (PDF 1.1 MB)

Australian vaccine preventable disease epidemiological review series: diphtheria 1999–2019

Noni E Winkler, Aditi Dey, Helen E Quinn, Davoud Pourmarzi, Stephen Lambert, Peter McIntyre, Frank Beard || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.42 || Published online: 21/7/2022
Full Text: (Word 5.53 MB) (PDF 609.61 KB)

Australian vaccine preventable disease epidemiological review series: measles, 2012–2019

Noni E Winkler, Aditi Dey, Helen E Quinn, Davoud Pourmarzi, Stephen Lambert, Peter McIntyre, Frank Beard || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.38 || Published online: 23/6/2022
Full Text: (Word 1.46 MB) (PDF 1.46 MB)

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of legionellosis in Northern Australia, 2010–2021

Claire Waller, Kevin Freeman, Shereen Labib, Rob Baird || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.34 || Published online: 23/6/2022
Full Text: (Word 249.03 KB) (PDF 533.72 KB)

Public health response following an iGAS outbreak in a residential aged care facility in Queensland

Jai C Van Zeeland, Heshani Rupasinghe, Megan K Young || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.35 || Published online: 23/6/2022
Full Text: (Word 118.28 KB) (PDF 388.4 KB)

How accurately does the Australian Immunisation Register identify children overdue for vaccine doses? A national cross-sectional study

Lauren G Dalton, Kelley N Meder, Frank H Beard, Aditi Dey, Brynley P Hull, Kristine K Macartney, Peter B McIntyre || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.10 || Published online: 19/5/2022
Full Text: (Word 193.4 KB) (PDF 432.93 KB)

SMS reminders to improve the uptake and timeliness of the primary immunisation series in infants: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial

Kerry-Ann F O’Grady, Michelle Kaus, Lee Jones, Gary Boddy, Sheree Rablin, Jack Roberts, Daniel Arnold, Sarah Parfitt, Renee Johnston, Kerry K Hall, Sallyanne Le Gros-Wilson, Kaley Butten, Maree Toombs, Stephen B Lambert || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.15 || Published online: 19/5/2022
Full Text: (Word 215.98 KB) (PDF 652.88 KB)

Two Treponema pallidum strains account for the majority of syphilis infections, including among females, in Queensland, Australia

Emma L Sweeney, Kym Lowry, Mandy Seel, Frashta Rahimi, Julian Langton-Lockton, Cheryl Bletchly, Graeme R Nimmo and David M Whiley || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.26 || Published online: 19/5/2022
Full Text: (Word 719.95 KB) (PDF 1.33 MB)

Scary to get, more scary not to: COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among healthcare workers in Central Queensland, Australia, a cross-sectional survey

Gwenda Chapman, Mahmudul Hassan Al Imam, Arifuzzaman Khan, Nicolas Smoll, Odewumi Adegbija, Michael Kirk, Gulam Khandaker, Kerrie Wiley || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.30 || Published online: 19/5/2022
Full Text: (Word 679.06 KB) (PDF 971.98 KB)

Household transmission of COVID-19 in 2020 in New South Wales, Australia

Anna A Sordo, Andrew Dunn, Evangeline RK Gardiner, Tracie A Reinten, Tracy SF Tsang, Lucy Deng, Bette C Liu || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.16 || Published online: 26/4/2022
Full Text: (Word 620.08 KB) (PDF 882.26 KB)

An outbreak of leptospirosis associated with cattle workers during the wet season, in the Northern Territory of Australia, 2021

Damien R Brown, Ruwani Peiris, Claire Waller, Elizabeth M Stedman, Susanne E Fitzpatrick, Vicki L Krause, Anthony DK Draper || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.23 || Published online: 26/4/2022
Full Text: (Word 677.28 KB) (PDF 1.01 MB)

Time taken by individuals with respiratory symptoms to present to primary care: a descriptive study of assessments at Australian General Practitioner-led respiratory clinics

Victoria E Mansell, Theophilus I Emeto, Stephanie Davis || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.20 || Published online: 26/4/2022
Full Text: (Word 190.52 KB) (PDF 494.02 KB)

Nocardiosis in the Illawarra-Shoalhaven region from 2010 to 2019

Darcy Gray, Simeon Crawford, Peter Newton || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.7 || Published online: 16/02/2022
Full Text: (Word 1.31 MB) (PDF 1020.26 KB)

Utilisation of antimicrobials used to treat bacterial pneumonia in principal referral hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic, Australia, 2020

Erin Connor, Kavita Rasiah, Nadine Hillock || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.6 || Published online: 16/02/2022
Full Text: (Word 987.49 KB) (PDF 841.07 KB)

The 2018 annual cost burden for children under five years of age hospitalised with respiratory syncytial virus in Australia

Natasha K Brusco, Annette Alafaci, Jane Tuckerman, Helena Frawley, Jeremy Pratt, Andrew J Daley, Angela K Todd, Yi-Mo Deng, Kanta Subbarao, Ian Barr, Nigel W Crawford || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.5 || Published online: 16/02/2022
Full Text: (Word 191.71 KB) (PDF 668.81 KB)

Australian vaccine preventable disease epidemiological review series: Pertussis, 2013–2018

Kushani S Marshall, Helen E Quinn, Alexis J Pillsbury, Julia E Maguire, Robyn M Lucas, Aditi Dey, Frank H Beard, Kristine K Macartney, Peter B McIntyre || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.3 || Published online: 27/1/2022
Full Text: (Word 2.9 MB) (PDF 2.64 MB)

Salmonellosis in Australia in 2020: possible impacts of COVID-19 related public health measures

Barbara P F Davis, Janaki Amin, Neil Franklin, Paul J Beggs || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.2 || Published online: 27/1/2022
Full Text: (Word 691.45 KB) (PDF 677.55 KB)

Short reports

Kebabs with a side of Salmonella: Two outbreaks of Salmonella linked to kebab shops in Canberra, ACT

Jill Padrotta, Jenny Post, Alexandra Marmor, Nevada Pingault, Davoud Pourmarzi || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.84 || Published online: 15/12/2022
Full Text: (Word 5.4 MB) (PDF 363.88 KB)

Changes in norovirus incidence in Victoria, Australia, during the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020–2021

Leesa D Bruggink || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.61 || Published online: 26/09/2022
Full Text: (Word 471.23 KB) (PDF 418.4 KB)

Outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant on a single liquified natural gas (LNG) vessel, with estimates of vaccine effectiveness

Nicolas Smoll, Jacina Walker, Mahmudul Hassan Al Imam, Jill Auriac, Ross Andrews, Andrew Jeremijenko, Michael Kirk, Gulam Khandaker || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.40 || Published online: 18/8/2022
Full Text: (Word 294.75 KB) (PDF 515.99 KB)

Vaccine breakthrough infections in a highly-vaccinated Australian population during a SARS-CoV-2 Delta outbreak

Meru Sheel, Tze Vun Voo, Nevada Pingault, Timothy S Sloan-Gardner, Alexandra Marmor, Martyn D Kirk, Vanessa Johnston, Kerryn Coleman || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.32 || Published online: 23/6/2022
Full Text: (Word 76.75 KB) (PDF 424.91 KB)

Effect of COVID-19 restrictions and border closures on vaccine preventable diseases in Victoria, Australia, 2020–2021

Paraag Bhatt, Janet Strachan, Marion Easton, Lucinda Franklin, George Drewett || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.29 || Published online: 19/5/2022
Full Text: (Word 527.54 KB) (PDF 1.09 MB)

Queensland typhoid cluster linked to twelve-year carriage of Salmonella Typhi

Marguerite Dalmau, Shuo Meng Song, Megan Young, Stephen Lambert, Rikki Graham, Gino Micalizzi, Emma Field, Robert Bell, Amy V Jennison, Russell Stafford || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.27 || Published online: 19/5/2022
Full Text: (Word 133.87 KB) (PDF 387.58 KB)

Defining the peak: Point prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 using randomised sampling

Andre L Wattiaux, Fiona May, Terresa Allen, Tracy Bladen, Brielle Pery, Lisa McHugh, Vicki Slinko, Alice Sykes, Lashan De Silva, Jay Bajra, Ross Andrews, Gulam Khandaker || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.24 || Published online: 26/4/2022
Full Text: (Word 75.43 KB) (PDF 298.3 K)

Emergence of non-choleragenic Vibrio infections in Australia

Michelle Harlock, Stewart Quinn, Alison R Turnbull || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.8 || Published online: 16/02/2022
Full Text: (Word 200.95 KB) (PDF 439.84 KB)

Quarterly reports

Meningococcal Surveillance Australia Reporting period 1 April to 30 June 2022

Monica M Lahra, Sanghamitra Ray and Tiffany R Hogan for the National Neisseria Network || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.81 || Published online: 15/12/2022
Full Text: (Word 5.33 MB) (PDF 255.06 KB)

Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme, 1 January to 31 March 2022

Monica M Lahra, Sanghamitra Ray and Tiffany R Hogan || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.56 || Published online: 18/8/2022
Full Text: (Word 5.35 MB) (PDF 283.24 KB)

Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme, 1 October to 31 December 2021

Monica M Lahra, Masoud Shoushtari, Tiffany R Hogan || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.43 || Published online: 21/7/2022
Full Text: (Word 5.31 MB) (PDF 319.2 KB)

Meningococcal Surveillance Australia Reporting period 1 January to 31 March 2022

Monica M Lahra, Sanghamitra Ray and Tiffany R Hogan for the National Neisseria Network || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.36 || Published online: 23/6/2022
Full Text: (Word 72.9 KB) (PDF 277.79 KB)

Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme, 1 July to 30 September 2021

Monica M Lahra, Masoud Shoushtari, Tiffany R Hogan || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.19 || Published online: 26/4/2022
Full Text: (Word 73.83 KB) (PDF 307.58 KB)

Meningococcal Surveillance Australia Reporting period 1 October to 31 December 2021

Monica M. Lahra, Masoud Shoushtari and Tiffany R Hogan for the National Neisseria Network || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.21 || Published online: 26/4/2022
Full Text: (Word 72.32 KB) (PDF 271.13 KB)

Meningococcal Surveillance Australia: Reporting period 1 July to 30 September 2021

Monica M Lahra, Masoud Shoushtari, Tiffany R Hogan, for the National Neisseria Network || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.1 || Published online: 27/1/2022
Full Text: (Word 82.42 KB) (PDF 248.31 KB)

Annual reports

Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR) Australian Staphylococcus aureus Surveillance Outcome Program (ASSOP) Bloodstream Annual Report 2021

Geoffrey W Coombs, Denise A Daley, Princy Shoby, Shakeel Mowlaboccus, on behalf of the Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.76 || Published online: 15/12/2022
Full Text: (Word 5.37 MB) (PDF 633.65 KB)

Australian Rotavirus Surveillance Program: Annual Report, 2021

Susie Roczo-Farkas, Sarah Thomas, Nada Bogdanovic-Sakran, Celeste M Donato, Eleanor A Lyons, Julie E Bines and the Australian Rotavirus Surveillance Group || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.75 || Published online: 15/12/2022
Full Text: (Word 5.93 MB) (PDF 782.76 KB)

Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR) Australian Enterococcal Surveillance Outcome Program (AESOP) - Bloodstream Infection Annual Report 2021

Geoffrey W Coombs, Denise A Daley, Princy Shoby, Shakeel Mowlaboccus, on behalf of the Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.77 || Published online: 17/11/2022
Full Text: (Word 5.35 MB) (PDF 539.19 KB)

Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR) Australian Gram-negative Surveillance Outcome Program (GnSOP)- Bloodstream Infection Annual Report 2021

Jan M Bell, Alicia Fajardo Lubian, Sally R Partridge, Thomas Gottlieb, Jenny Robson, Jonathan R Iredell, Denise A Daley, Geoffrey W Coombs || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.78 || Published online: 17/11/2022
Full Text: (Word 5.35 MB) (PDF 512.37 KB)

Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit (APSU) Annual Surveillance Report 2021

Suzy M Teutsch, Carlos A Nunez, Anne Morris, Guy D Eslick, Angela Berkhout, Daniel Novakovic, Julia ML Brotherton, Skye McGregor, Laila Khawar, Gulam Khandaker, Robert Booy, Cheryl A Jones, William Rawlinson, Bruce R Thorley, Elizabeth J Elliott || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.66 || Published online: 20/10/2022
Full Text: (Word 7.04 MB) (PDF 1.64 MB)

Report on influenza viruses received and tested by the Melbourne WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza during 2020–2021

Genevieve O’Neill, Ammar Aziz, Miku Kuba, Sook Kwan Brown, Hilda Lau, Sally Soppe, Mariana Baz, Heidi Peck, Yi-Mo Deng, Kanta Subbarao, Ian G Barr || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.63 || Published online: 26/09/2022
Full Text: (Word 7.43 MB) (PDF 1.29 MB)

Annual immunisation coverage report 2020

Brynley Hull, Alexandra Hendry, Aditi Dey, Julia Brotherton, Kristine Macartney, Frank Beard || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.60 || Published online: 26/09/2022
Full Text: (Word 5.03 MB) (PDF 11.81 MB)

Monitoring the incidence and causes of disease potentially transmitted by food in Australia: Annual report of the OzFoodNet network, 2017

The OzFoodNet Working Group || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.59 || Published online: 26/09/2022
Full Text: (Word 9.79 MB) (PDF 1.7 MB)

Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme Annual Report, 2021

Monica M Lahra, Tiffany R Hogan, Benjamin H Armstrong, for the National Neisseria Network, Australia || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.52 || Published online: 18/8/2022
Full Text: (Word 5.47 MB) (PDF 734.99 KB)

Australian National Enterovirus Reference Laboratory annual report, 2021

Matthew B Kaye, Arnau Garcia-Clapes, Linda K Hobday, Aishah Ibrahim, Presa Chanthalavanh, Leesa Bruggink, Bruce R Thorley || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.55 || Published online: 18/8/2022
Full Text: (Word 222.1 KB) (PDF 585.06 KB)

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease surveillance in Australia: update to 31 December 2021

Christiane Stehmann, Matteo Senesi, Shannon Sarros, Amelia McGlade, Victoria Lewis, Marion Simpson, Genevieve Klug, Catriona McLean, Colin L Masters, Steven Collins || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.53 || Published online: 18/8/2022
Full Text: (Word 896.01 KB) (PDF 637.47 KB)

Australian Meningococcal Surveillance Programme Annual Report, 2021

Monica M Lahra, CR Robert George and Tiffany R Hogan for the National Neisseria Network || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.46 || Published online: 21/7/2022
Full Text: (Word 6.11 MB) (PDF 621.03 KB)

Surveillance of adverse events following immunisation in Australia annual report, 2020

Aditi Dey, Han Wang, Helen Quinn, Alexis Pillsbury, Megan Hickie, Lucy Deng, Nicholas Wood, Frank Beard, Kristine Macartney || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.47 || Published online: 21/7/2022
Full Text: (Word 6.62 MB) (PDF 912.59 KB)

FluTracking: Weekly online community based surveillance of influenza-like illness in Australia, 2018 Annual Report

Zachary L Howard, Sandra J Carlson, Sarah Moberley, Michelle Butler, Craig B Dalton || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.41 || Published online: 21/7/2022
Full Text: (Word 6.64 MB) (PDF 794.82 KB)

Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR) Australian Enterococcal Sepsis Outcome Programme (AESOP) Annual Report 2020

Geoffrey W Coombs, Denise A Daley, Nicholas W T Yee, Princy Shoby, Shakeel Mowlaboccus, on behalf of the Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.17 || Published online: 26/4/2022
Full Text: (Word 95.58 KB) (PDF 509.46 KB)

Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR) Australian Staphylococcus aureus Sepsis Outcome Programme (ASSOP) Annual Report 2020

Geoffrey W Coombs, Denise A Daley, Nicholas W T Yee, Princy Shoby, Shakeel Mowlaboccus, on behalf of the Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.18 || Published online: 26/4/2022
Full Text: (Word 116.4 KB) (PDF 698.06 KB)

Influenza epidemiology in patients admitted to sentinel Australian hospitals in 2019: the Influenza Complications Alert Network FluCAN

Allen C Cheng, Dominic E Dwyer, Mark Holmes, Louis B Irving, Graham Simpson, Sanjaya Senanayake, Tony Korman, N Deborah Friedman, Louise Cooley, Peter Wark, Anna Holwell, Simon Bowler, John W Upham, Daniel M Fatovich, Grant W Waterer, Kristine Macartney, Christopher C Blyth, Nigel Crawford, Jim Buttery, Helen S Marshall, Julia E Clark, Joshua Francis, Tom Kotsimbos, Paul M Kelly || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.14 || Published online: 26/4/2022
Full Text: (Word 430.74 KB) (PDF 813.8 KB)

Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR) Australian Gram-negative Sepsis Outcome Programme (GnSOP) Annual Report 2020

Jan M Bell, Alicia Fajardo Lubian, Sally R Partridge, Thomas Gottlieb, Jonathan Iredell, Denise A Daley, Geoffrey W Coombs || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.11 || Published online: 28/03/2022
Full Text: (Word 100 KB) (PDF 521.94 KB)

Surveillance for severe influenza and COVID-19 in patients admitted to sentinel Australian hospitals in 2020: the Influenza Complications Alert Network (FluCAN)

Husna Begum, Dominic E Dwyer, Mark Holmes, Louis B Irving, Graham Simpson, Sanjaya Senanayake, Tony Korman, N Deborah Friedman, Louise Cooley, Peter Wark, Simon Bowler, Jen Kok, John W Upham, Daniel M Fatovich, Grant W Waterer, Kristine Macartney, Christopher C Blyth, Nigel Crawford, Jim Buttery, Helen S Marshall, Julia E Clark, Joshua R Francis, Tom Kotsimbos, Paul M Kelly, Allen C Cheng || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.13 || Published online: 28/03/2022
Full Text: (Word 890.74 KB) (PDF 707.28 KB)

Multi-year reports

Summary of National Surveillance Data on Vaccine Preventable Diseases in Australia, 2016-2018 Final Report

Cyra Patel, Aditi Dey, Han Wang, Peter McIntyre, Kristine Macartney, Frank Beard || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.28 || Published online: 23/6/2022
Full Text: (Word 4.27 MB) (PDF 2.23 MB)

Report of the National Influenza Surveillance Scheme, 2011 to 2018

Communicable Disease Epidemiology and Surveillance Section || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.12 || Published online: 28/03/2022
Full Text: (Word 4.09 MB) (PDF 1.11 MB)

Policy and guidelines

Consensus statement on the use of a four-month treatment regimen for drug susceptible tuberculosis in children (< 10 years of age) with uncomplicated disease

Endorsed by the Australian and New Zealand Paediatric Infectious Diseases (ANZPID) interest group of the Australasian Society of Infectious Diseases (ASID) and the National Tuberculosis Advisory Committee (NTAC) on behalf of the Communicable Diseases Network of Australia (CDNA) || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.85 || Published online: 15/12/2022
Full Text: (Word 5.34 MB) (PDF 277.99 KB)

Not everything that can be counted counts: defining and evaluating tuberculosis mortality in Australia

Justin T Denholm on behalf of the National Tuberculosis Advisory Committee || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.72 || Published online: 20/10/2022
Full Text: (Word 5.51 MB) (PDF 349.75 KB)

The Strategic Plan for Control of Tuberculosis in Australia, 2021–2025

The National Tuberculosis Advisory Committee for the Communicable Diseases Network Australia || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.48 || Published online: 21/7/2022
Full Text: (Word 5.72 MB) (PDF 523.39 KB)

Erratum

Utilisation of antimicrobials used to treat bacterial pneumonia in principal referral hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic, Australia, 2020
Erratum to Commun Dis Intell (2018) 2022;46 (https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.6)

Erin Connor, Kavita Rasiah, Nadine Hillock || https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2022.46.50 || Published online: 18/8/2022
Full Text: (Word 5.46 MB) (PDF 261.9 KB)

About Communicable Diseases Intelligence

Aims

Communicable Diseases Intelligence (CDI) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Aged Care. The journal aims to disseminate information on the epidemiology, surveillance, prevention and control of communicable diseases of relevance to Australia.

Correspondence

Correspondence should be sent to: cdi.editor@health.gov.au

Available file formats and accessibility

CDI is published electronically only and is available in two formats from this website; Adobe Acrobat - Portable Document Format (PDF) and – depending on publication date – accessible Microsoft® Word or HTML format.

Indexing

CDI is listed on MEDLINE and indexed by PubMed, an online searchable index of published articles and authors. CDI is also available full-text on the Global Health database (CABI) and on the Elsevier services EMBASE and Scopus.

Access model

CDI is published online under an 'open access' model. All online CDI articles and published content are copyright and made available free of charge. They are only available in electronic form as a soft copy and are not available in printed form as a hard copy.

CDI articles published from 2018 onwards

CDI articles published from 2018 onwards are made available for free under the terms of a creative commons licence. Details of the licensing terms can be found and read by accessing the link provided in each article. Use consistent with the licensing terms requires no further consent. These licensing terms are the only rights of use and no further licensing rights or permissions will be considered.

CDI articles published online before 2018

CDI articles published online before 2018 are made available for free in accordance with the permitted uses allowed in the copyright statement included for the particular CDI Issue. Use consistent with the permitted uses allowed in the copyright statement requires no further consent. Requests for any use of these CDI articles outside the permitted uses allowed in the copyright statement must be directed to the Department at cdi.editor@health.gov.au
Any use outside the permitted uses allowed in the copyright statement is at the Department ‘s discretion and may be subject to additional terms of use.

ISSN

ISSN: 2209-6051 (Online)

Disclaimer

Opinions expressed in Communicable Diseases Intelligence are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care or the Communicable Diseases Network Australia. Data may be subject to revision.

Editorial team

The editorial team consists of the editor, deputy editor, and a designer. The editorial team is supported by an Editorial Advisory Board (EAB).

Editor: Christina Bareja
Deputy Editor:
Simon Petrie
Design and Production: Kasra Yousefi

Editorial advisory board

The role of the CDI Editorial Advisory Board (EAB) is to:

  • provide expert advice to the CDI editorial team; advocate for CDI in the broader community;
  • serve as a critical sounding board for the editorial team on editorial ideas and themes;
  • provide ideas for features and news and thoughts on current trends; and provide constructive feedback on published issues.
David Durrheim
Mark Ferson
Clare Huppatz
John Kaldor
Martyn Kirk
Meru Sheel
Stephanie Williams

Information for authors

CDI encourages submissions from practitioners in all disciplines across the public health field. Advanced trainees and postgraduate students are also encouraged to submit to CDI. CDI publishes original articles, systematic reviews, short reports, surveillance reports, systematic reviews, letters to the editor, policy / guidelines, notices to readers, and editorials. Original articles, short reports and systematic reviews are peer-reviewed. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer for CDI please email the CDI Editorial Team (cdi.editor@health.gov.au) with your details and areas of expertise. More information about article types is available on the Instructions for Authors page. To ensure efficient handling of your manuscript, please adhere to the submission guidelines.

History

The journal has been published quarterly since 2001. Hard copy printing ceased in 2011. CDI does not mail out hard copies of articles.

CDI has been published as a bulletin and later a journal since 1977, initially as a fortnightly typewritten bulletin. CDI became a professionally printed publication in 1991. In mid-1992 parts of CDI became available electronically. Online reproduction of the articles in HTML and PDF formats began in 1997. In 2018, CDI moved away from publishing four quarterly issues per year to an online-first, per-article publication model. Previous issues are freely available under the following existing structure.

This table is a guide for finding past CDI articles and their available file format(s) based on their publication timeframe. For articles published before 1996 (i.e. pre online publication), please contact us using the email cdi.editor@health.gov.au for a scanned copy.
Timeframe Publication model File formats Access
Jan 2018–present Yearly volumes containing individual articles Accessible PDF and MS-Word Online
2001–2017 Yearly volumes divided into 4 quarterly issues Accessible PDF and HTML Online – use sidebar to browse volumes
1998–2000 Yearly volumes divided into 12 or 13 four-weekly issues Accessible PDF and HTML Online – use sidebar to browse volumes
1997 Yearly volume divided into 23 biweekly issues Accessible PDF; some HTML Online
1996 Yearly volume divided into 25 biweekly issues Accessible PDF Online
1976–1995 (pre-Internet) Various volume structures apply (hardcopy only) Scanned image Per request by email to cdi.editor@health.gov.au