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Evaluation of suicide prevention activities
1.4 Caveats and limitations
Page last updated: January 2014
A number of limitations and caveats apply to the findings presented in this Report, particularly in relation to internal and external data. Internal data limitations include incomplete data, the relatively short timeframe of the Evaluation, and the absence of quantifiable outcome measures. External factors relate to the significant challenges involved in evaluating suicide prevention programs which are well recognised in the sector including the fact that suicide is a statistically rare event, attribution is difficult and issues related to the quality and timeliness of suicide data.
- Table of contents
- 2 Introduction
- 3.1 Suicide in Australia
- 3.2 Policy milestones
- 3.3 National Suicide Prevention Strategy
- 3.4 Senate Community Affairs References Committee Inquiry into Suicide in Australia
- 3.5 Taking Action to Tackle Suicide
- 3.6 Implementation of the 2011 Delivering National Mental Health Reform package
- 3.7 Formation of the National Mental Health Commission and publication of its first Report Card
- 3.8 Release of the Roadmap for National Mental Health Reform 2012-2022
- 3.9 Development of the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Suicide Prevention Strategy
- 3.10 State/territory level suicide prevention policies
- 3.11 Scope, findings and learnings from previous NSPS/ NSPP evaluations
- 3.12 Summary of policy context
- 4.1 Background and data sources
- 4.2 Pre-existing project documentation/data
- 4.3 Documentation/data quality: implications
- 4.4 Project Survey
- 4.5 Stage 2 literature review
- 4.6 Stakeholder consultations
- 4.7 Desktop review of ATAPS Suicide Prevention service initiative and MindMatters initiative evaluations
- 4.8 Minimum Data Set
- 4.9 Data analysis protocols
- 4.10 Evaluability issues
- 5.1 Overview
- 5.2 Project approaches
- 5.3 Service delivery mechanisms
- 5.4 Target groups
- 5.5 LIFE Action Areas
- 5.6 Geographical reach of projects
- 5.7 Strategies and activities
- 5.8 Stability or change over time
- 5.9 Community acceptance
- 5.10 Collaboration
- 5.11 Project funding and workforce resources
- 5.12 Summary profile
- 7.1 Mix of projects
- 7.2 Equity of NSPP funding across regions
- 7.3 The evidence base for suicide prevention
- 7.4 Higher risk groups
- 7.5 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations
- 7.6 Universal approaches
- 7.7 Selective approaches
- 7.8 Indicated approaches
- 7.9 Approaches which may be harmful
- 7.10 Use of research and evidence in project design and implementation
- 7.11 Summary of key findings
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.2 The spectrum of suicide prevention activities in Australia
- 11.3 ATAPS Suicide Prevention service initiative
- 11.4 MindMatters
- 11.5 Integration and synergies between the NSPP and other suicide prevention activities
- 11.6 Gaps and opportunities in national suicide prevention efforts
- 11.7 Consistency with the Australian Government Mental Health Reform agenda
- 11.8 Potential consequences of not continuing the NSPP
- 11.9 Summary of key findings
- Active Life Enhancing Intervention (ALIVE) Program
- Active Response Bereavement Outreach Program (ARBOR)
- Building Bridges
- Burdekin Mental Health Foundation
- CALD Community Connections
- Community Broadcasting Suicide Prevention Project
- Community Connections Toowoomba
- Community Connections
- Comprehensive Suicide Prevention Service
- Deadly Alive
- Expanded Horizons
- Farm Link
- Healing Through the Map
- HOPE - SRA
- Hope for Life
- Incolink
- Koori Kids Wellbeing Program
- LIFE Communications
- LifeForce
- Living Beyond Suicide
- Men's Health Information and Resource Centre (MHIRC) – "The Shed"
- Mental Illness and Bereavement Project
- Mindframe Education and Training Program
- MindOUT!
- National Centre of Excellence in Suicide Prevention
- National Suicide Call Back Service
- NEXUS
- OzHelp Region and National Expansion Project
- Peer Support Australia
- Post Discharge Care from Hospital Emergency Departments
- R U OK? Day
- RAW - Rural Alive and Well Program
- ReachOut! Pro Website
- REAL4Mii Northern Territory
- REAL4Mii Pilbara
- Response to Youth Suicide in Greater Geelong
- SANE Media Centre & StigmaWatch
- SPA Strategic Partnership
- StandBy ACT
- StandBy Brisbane
- StandBy Response Service
- Strength to Strength Suicide Prevention Resources
- Suicide Story Train the Trainer
- Support After Suicide
- Sustainable Personal Development for Aboriginal Men
- The Strength Within
- WHO START Project
- Workplace Training and Education
- Yiriman Project
- Appendix B – Key Evaluation Questions
- Appendix C – The Minimum Data Set – Values and Collection Points
- Appendix D – NSPP Evaluation: Survey for projects 2006-13
- Appendix F – Overarching Program Logic Model